၁၃၇ မ်ဳိးထဲမွာ ကုုိးကန္႔ပါသလား

(မွတ္တမ္း ျပန္ရွာခ်င္သူမ်ားအတြက္ ရည္ရြယ္တင္ထားျခင္းျဖစ္သည္)

List of ethnic groups in Burma

(From Wikipedia, the free encyclopaedia)
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_ethnic_groups_in_Burma

An ethnolinguistic map of Burma.

Burma (Myanmar) is an ethnically diverse nation with 135 distinct ethnic groups officially recognized by the Burmese government. These are grouped into eight "major national ethnic races":

1. Kachin
2. Kayah
3. Kayin
4. Chin
5. Mon
6. Bamar
7. Rakhine
8. Shan^[1]

The "major national ethnic races" are grouped primarily according to region rather than linguistic or ethnic affiliation, as for example the Shan Major National Ethnic Race includes 33 ethnic groups speaking languages in at least four widely differing language families.[2]^[2]

Many unrecognised ethnic groups exist, the largest being the Burmese Chinese and Panthay (who together form 3% of the population), Burmese Indians (who form 2% of the population), Rohingya, Anglo-Burmeseand Gurkha. There are no official statistics regarding the population of the latter two groups, although unofficial estimates place around 52,000 Anglo-Burmese in Burma with around 1.6 million outside of the country.

Ethnic Composition in Myanmar (Rough Estimate)
Bamar			68.00%
Shan			9.00%
Kayin			7.00%
Rakhine			3.50%
Chinese			2.50%
Mon			2.00%
Kachin			1.50%
Indians			1.25%
Kayah			0.75%
Other groups including Wa, Naga, Lahu, Lisu and Palaung			4.50%

Contents

  [hide] 

• 1 Officially recognized ethnic groups^[3]
• 2 List grouped by language family
  • 2.1 Sino-Tibetan
  • 2.2 Tai–Kadai
  • 2.3 Hmong–Mien
  • 2.4 Austroasiatic
  • 2.5 Austronesian
  • 2.6 Indo-European
• 3 Unrecognized ethnic groups
• 4 Myanmar languages ISO 639-3 codes^[16]
• 5 See also
• 6 References
• 7 External links
• 8 Books

Officially recognized ethnic groups^[3][edit]

Note: The list is very controversial. Many of the names and spelling variants are known only from this list.^[4]

Kachin comprises 12 different ethnic groups

1. Kachin see: Jingpo people

2. Tarone see: Taron people

3. Dalaung, unknown^[5]

4. Jinghpaw see: Singpho people

5. Guari, unknown^[6]

6. Hkahku see: Jingpo people

7. Duleng, unknown^[7]

8. Maru (Lawgore)

9. Rawang see Nung Rawang

10. Lashi (La Chit)

11. Atsi see Zaiwa language

12. Lisu

Kayah comprises 9 different ethnic groups

Note, a known questionable source.^[8]

13. Kayah (Karenni)

14. Zayein (Lahta; Gaungto; Loilong Karens)

15. Ka-Yun (Kayan; Padaung)

16. Gheko (Karen, Geko)

17. Kebar, maybe translation error for Geba Karen language

18. Bre (Ka-Yaw; Kayaw)

19. Manu Manaw (Manumanaw)

20. Yin Talai, unknown^[9]

21. Yin Baw (Yinbaw)

Kayin comprises 11 different ethnic groups

22. Kayin (Karen)

23. Kayinpyu (Geba Karen)

24. Pa-Le-Chi, unknown^[10]

25. Mon Kayin (Sarpyu), unknown^[11]

26. Sgaw (Karen, S’gaw)

27. Ta-Lay-Pwa, unknown^[12]

28. Paku (Karen, Paku)

29. Bwe (Bwe Karen)

30. Monnepwa (Karen, Paku)

31. Monpwa, unknown^[13]

32. Shu (Pwo Kayin)

Chin comprises 53 different ethnic groups

Possibly originally a list of tax rate districts. With the highest tax first.

33. Chin

34. Meithei (Meitei; Kathe)

35. Saline

36. Ka-Lin-Kaw (Lushay)

37. Khami (Chin, Khumi)

38. Awa Khami (Chin, Mro-Khimi)

39. Khawno

40. Kaungso

41. Kaung Saing Chin

42. Kwelshin

43. Kwangli (Sim)

44. Gunte (Lyente; Falam)

45. Gwete (Guite)

46. Ngorn (Chin, Ngawn)

47. Siyin (Sizaang), (Sizang)^[14]

48. Sentang

49. Saing Zan

50. Za-How

51. Zotung

52. Zo-Pe

53. Zo

54. Zahnyet (Zanniet)

55. Tapong

56. Tiddim (Hai-Dim)

57. Tay-Zan

58. Taishon

59. Thado

60. Torr (Tawr)

61. Dim

62. Dai (Yindu)

63. Naga

64. Tanghkul

65. Malin

66. Panun

67. Magun

68. Matu

69. Miram (Mara, Shendu, Lakher, etc.)

70. Mi-er

71. Mgan

72. Lushei (Lushay)

73. Laymyo

74. Lyente

75. Lawhtu

76. Lai (Haka Chin)

77. Laizao

78. Mro (Wakim)

79. Haulngo

80. Anu

81. Anun

82. Oo-Pu

83. Lhinbu

84. Asho (Plain)

85. Rongtu

Bamar comprises 9 ethnic groups

86. Bamar (Burman)

87. Dawei of Dawei city

88. Beik

89. Yaw

90. Yabein

91. Kadu (Kado)

92. Ganan

93. Salone (Salon; Moken)

94. Hpon

Mon comprises 1 ethnic group

95. Mon

Rakhine comprises 7 ethnic groups

96. Rakhine (Arakanese)

97. Kamein

98. Kwe Myi

99. Daingnet

100. Maramagyi

101. Mro (Wakim)

102. Thet

Shan comprises 33 ethnic groups

103. Shan (Thai)

104. Yun (Lao)

105. Kwi

106. Pyin

107. Yao (Hmong; Mien)

108. Danaw (Danau)

109. Pale

110. Eng (En)

111. Son

112. Khamu (Khmu)

113. Kaw (Akha-E-Kaw)

114. Kokant (Kokang)

115. Khamti Shan

116. Hkun (Khün)

117. Taungyo

118. Danu

119. Palaung

120. Man Zi

121. Yin Kya

122. Yin Net

123. Shan Gale

124. Shan Gyi

125. Lahu

126. Intha

127. Eik-swair

128. Pa-O (Taungthu; Black Karen)

129. Tai-Loi

130. Tai-Lem

131. Tai-Lon

132. Tai-Lay

133. Maingtha (Achang)

134. Maw Shan

135. Wa (Va)

List grouped by language family[edit]

Sino-Tibetan[edit]

• Chinese
  • Kokang (Mandarin Chinese dialect; sometimes spelled Kokant)
  • Panthay (Mandarin Chinese dialect) - not in official list of 135 ethnic groups
  • Overseas Chinese (Hokkien, Cantonese) - not in official list of 135 ethnic groups

• Tibeto-Burman
  • Burman (Bamar)
  • Anu
  • Anun
  • Asho (Plain)
  • Atsi
  • Beik
  • Bwe
  • Chin
  • Daignet people
  • Dalaung
  • Danu
  • Dawei
  • Dim
  • Duleng
  • Ganan
  • Gheko
  • Gunte (Lyente)
  • Haulngo
  • Hpon
  • Intha
  • Kachin (Jingpo)
  • Kadu (Kado)
  • Kayin (Karen)
  • Kaw (Akha-E-Kaw, Akha)
  • Kayinpyu (Geba Karen)
  • Kwelshin
  • Lahu

• Lai (Haka Chin)
• Laizao
• Lashi (La Chit)
• Lisu
• Lyente
• Maingtha
• Maru (Lawgore)
• Meitei (also spelled Meithei or Kathe)
• Miram (Mara)
• Monnepwa
• Mro
• Naga
• Pa-O
• Pyin
• Rakhine (Arakanese)
• Rawang
• Sgaw
• Shu (Pwo)
• Taron
• Taungyo
• Thet
• Tiddim (Hai-Dim)
• Torr (also spelled Tawr)
• Yaw
• Zo
• Zo-Pe
• Zotung

Tai–Kadai[edit]

• Tai
  • Shan
  • Hkun (also spelled Khün)
  • Khamti Shan
  • Thai

Hmong–Mien[edit]

• Yao

Austroasiatic[edit]

• Mon–Khmer
  • Mon
  • Danaw (also spelled Danau)
  • Khmu (Khamu)
  • Tai-Loi
  • Wa (Va)
  • Palaung
  • Pale

Austronesian[edit]

• Malayo-Polynesian
  • Malay
  • Moken (also spelled Salon or Salone)

Indo-European[edit]

• Indo-Aryan
  • Kamein^[15]

Unrecognized ethnic groups[edit]

As in the People's Republic of China, the government of Burma does not recognize several ethnic groups as being among the list of 135 officially recognized ethnic groups:

• Anglo-Burmese (Eurasians of mixed Burmese and European—though not necessarily British—ancestry)
• Burmese Chinese
  • Panthay (Muslims of Chinese origin)
• Burmese Indians
• Gurkha
• Pakistani
• Rohingya

Myanmar languages ISO 639-3 codes^[16][edit]

Note: This is a list of is languages, and the name of a language are not always the same as the name of an ethnic group.

1. Achang [acn]
2. Akeu [aeu]
3. Akha [ahk]
4. Anal [anm]
5. Anong [nun]
6. Blang [blr]
7. Burmese [mya]
8. Chak [ckh]
9. Chakma [ccp]
10. Chin:
    • Chin, Anu-Hkongso [anl]
    • Chin, Asho [csh]
    • Chin, Bawm [bgr]
    • Chin, Bualkhaw [cbl]
    • Chin, Chinbon [cnb]
    • Chin, Daa [dao]
    • Chin, Eastern Khumi [cek]
    • Chin, Falam [cfm]
    • Chin, Haka [cnh]
    • Chin, Kaang [ckn]
    • Chin, Khumi [cnk]
    • Chin, Laitu [clj]
    • Chin, Lautu [clt]
    • Chin, Mara [mrh]
    • Chin, Matu [hlt]
    • Chin, Mizo [lus]
    • Chin, Mro-Khimi [cmr]
    • Chin, Müün [mwq]
    • Chin, Ngawn [cnw]
    • Chin, Rawngtu [weu]
    • Chin, Rungtu [rtc]
    • Chin, Senthang [sez]
    • Chin, Siyin [csy]
    • Chin, Songlai [csj]
    • Chin, Sumtu [csv]
    • Chin, Tawr [tcp]
    • Chin, Tedim [ctd]
    • Chin, Thado [tcz]
    • Chin, Thaiphum [cth]
    • Chin, Zotung [czt]
    • Chin, Zyphe [zyp]
11. Chinese:
    • Chinese, Mandarin [cmn]
12. Danau [dnu]
13. Danu [dnv]
14. Drung [duu]
15. Hmong Njua [hnj]
16. Hpon [hpo]
17. Intha [int]
18. Jingpho [kac]
19. Kadu [zkd]
20. Kanan [zkn]
21. Karen:
    • Karen, Bwe [bwe]
    • Karen, Geba [kvq]
    • Karen, Geko [ghk]
    • Karen, Mobwa [jkm]
    • Karen, Paku [jkp]
    • Karen, Pwo Eastern [kjp]
    • Karen, Pwo Western [pwo]
    • Karen, S’gaw [ksw]
22. Kayah:
    • Kayah, Eastern [eky]
    • Kayah, Western [kyu]
23. Kayan [pdu]
24. Kayaw [kvl]
25. Khamti [kht]
26. Khün [kkh]
27. Lahta [kvt]
28. Lahu [lhu]
29. Lahu Shi [lhi]
30. Lashi [lsi]
31. Lhao Vo [mhx]
32. Lisu [lis]
33. Lü [khb]
34. Manumanaw [kxf]
35. Moken [mwt]
36. Mon [mnw]
37. Mru [mro]
38. Naga:
    • Naga, Akyaung Ari [nqy]
    • Naga, Khiamniungan [kix]
    • Naga, Koki [nxk]
    • Naga, Konyak [nbe]
    • Naga, Kyan-Karyaw [nqq]
    • Naga, Lao [nlq]
    • Naga, Leinong [lzn]
    • Naga, Long Phuri [lpn]
    • Naga, Makuri [jmn]
    • Naga, Makyan [umn]
    • Naga, Para [pzn]
    • Naga, Ponyo-Gongwang[npg]
    • Naga, Tangkhul [ntx]
    • Naga, Tase [nst]
39. Nusu [nuf]
40. Palaung:
    • Palaung, Ruching [pce]
    • Palaung, Rumai [rbb]
    • Palaung, Shwe [pll]
41. Pali [pli]
42. Pa’o [blk]
43. Pyen [pyy]
44. Rakhine [rki]
45. Rawang [raw]
46. Riang [ril]
47. Rohingya [rhg]
48. Samtao [stu]
49. Shan [shn]
50. Tai Laing [tjl]
51. Tai Loi [tlq]
52. Tai Nüa [tdd]
53. Taman [tcl]
54. Taungyo [tco]
55. Tavoyan [tvn]
56. Tibetan:
    • Tibetan, Khams [khg]
57. Wa:
    • Wa, Parauk [prk]
58. Wewaw [wea]
59. Yinbaw [kvu]
60. Yinchia [yin]
61. Yintale [yin]
62. Zaiwa [atb]
63. Zayein [kxk]
64. Zo [zom]

See also[edit]

• Demographics of Burma

References[edit]

1. Jump up ^ Retrieved from Myanmar Ministry of Hotels and Tourism webpage at
2. Jump up ^ For example, the Shan speak a Tai–Kadai language, the Lahu speak a Tibeto-Burman language, the Khamu speak a Mon–Khmer language, and the Yao speak a Hmong–Mien language.
3. Jump up ^ Composition of the Different Ethnic Groups
4. Jump up ^ Gamanii (25 September 2012). "135: Counting Races in Burma". Shan Herald. Retrieved 26 August 2013.
5. Jump up ^ Ethnologue
6. Jump up ^ Ethnologue
7. Jump up ^ Ethnologue
8. Jump up ^ The source of this list is the 9 captions from an unscientific Italian book, therefore Italian spelling. I Ghekhù : tribu criana della Birmania orientale. Paolo Manna. 1902. Milano.
9. Jump up ^ Ethnologue
10. Jump up ^ Ethnologue
11. Jump up ^ Ethnologue
12. Jump up ^ Ethnologue
13. Jump up ^ Ethnologue
14. Jump up ^ Ethnologue
15. Jump up ^ [1] states that the Kamein "descended from Indian archer-warriors who served Arakan emperors during sixteenth and seventeenth centuries, and consisted originally of Afghan Pathans, Moguls, Bengalis and many other Indo-Aryan races of north India."
16. Jump up ^ http://www.ethnologue.com/country/MM/languages Ethnologue: Myanmar

External links[edit]

• List of ethnic groups in Myanmar - Myanmar Ministry of Hotels and Tourism
• Ethnologue page for Burma languages
• Minorities in Burma and Burma: Time for Change by Minority Rights Group International

Books[edit]

• U Min Naing, National Ethnic Groups of Myanmar (Trans. by Hpone Thant).

Yangon: Thein Myint Win Press, 2000.

• "National Races of Myanmar" (1960) by the Ministry of Culture

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