ျပည္ပ သတင္းသမားတခ်ဳိ့ ရန္ကုန္က မီဒီယာ-ေဆြးေနြးပဲြဆီေရာက္ေန

ျပည္ပ သတင္းသမားတခ်ဳိ့ ရန္ကုန္က မီဒီယာ-ေဆြးေနြးပဲြဆီေရာက္ေန

၃၀-၀၁-၂၀၁၂ 

"ဒီမိုကေရစီလူ႔အဖြဲ႔အစည္းတစ္ခုအတြင္း မီဒီယာ ဖြံ႔ျဖိဳးတိုးတက္မႈ" လုိ့ အမည္ေပးထားတဲ့ အလုပ္ရုံေဆြးေႏြးပြဲတခုကို ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၃၀-ရက္ ဒီေန့မနက္ ၉-နာရီက ရန္ကုန္ အင္းလ်ားကန္ ဟိုတယ္မွာ က်င္းခဲ့ေျကာင္းသိရပါတယ္။

ဒီေဆြးေႏြးပဲြဆီ ျပည္ပအေျခစုိက္ သတင္းဌာနေတြျဖစ္တဲ့ BBC ျမန္မာပုိင္းမွ ဌာနမႈး ေဒၚတင္ထားေဆြ။ VOA ျမန္မာပုိင္းဌာနမႈး ဦးသန္းလြင္ထြန္း။ မဇိ်မသတင္းဌာနမွ အယ္ဒီတာခ်ဳပ္ ဦးစုိးျမင့္အပါ၀င္ သတင္း သမားတခ်ဳိ့တက္ေရာက္ခဲ့တယ္လုိ့ အဲဒီပဲြကိုေရာက္ေနတဲ့ သတင္းသမားတဦးကေျပာပါတယ္။


ဒါအျပင္ နုိင္ငံေတာ္ သမတ အၾကံေပးအဖြဲ႔၀င္ေတြ။ ျပန္ၾကားေရး၀န္ၾကီးဌာနမွ တာ၀န္ရွိသူေတြ။ စာေပစိစစ္ႏွင့္မွတ္ပုံတင္ဌာနမွ တာ၀န္ရွိသူေတြ။  ႏိုင္ငံတကာပညာရွင္ေတြ။ ျပည္တြင္းမွ ပညာရွင္ေတြနဲ့ ျပည္တြင္းျပည္ပ မီဒီယာမ်ားလဲ တက္ေရာက္ခဲ့တယ္လုိ့ အဲဒီပုဂုိလ္က ဆက္ ေျပာပါတယ္။

ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ ပထမပိုင္းမွာ မေလးရွား၊ အင္ဒိုနီးရွား နဲ့ ထိုင္းမွ ပညာရွင္ေတြက စာတန္းဖတ္ၾကားတင္ျပၾကျပီးေနာက္ စာေပစိစစ္နဲ့ မွတ္ပုံတင္ဌာန ဒုတိယ ညႊန္ၾကားေရးမွဴး ဦးတင့္ေဆြကလည္း "Current Policy on Drafting Media Law" အမည္ရွိ စာတန္းကိုဖတ္ၾကား တင္ျပခဲ့တယ္လုိ့သိရပါတယ္။



အခု မူၾကမ္းေရးဆြဲထားတဲ့ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ မီဒီယာ ဥပေဒအေျကာင္း သူက ထည့္သြင္းေျပာျကားသြားပီး မီဒီယာဥပေဒၾကမ္းကို ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္ ေရွ႔ေနခ်ဳပ္ရုံးသို႔တင္ျပထားေၾကာင္း၊ ထို႔ေနာက္ ျပည္ေထာင္စုလႊတ္ေတာ္သို႔ဆက္လက္တင္ျပ၍ အတည္ျပဳခ်က္ရယူရမည္ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္း ဦးတင့္ေဆြကေျပာၾကားခဲ့တယ္လုိ့ဆုိပါတယ္။

မီဒီယာဥပေဒၾကမ္းတြင္အခန္း(၁၀)ပါရွိျပီး ..
အခန္း(၁) အဓိပၸါယ္ဖြင့္ဆိုခ်က္မ်ား
အခန္း(၂) စာေရးသူမ်ားႏွင့္ စာနယ္ဇင္းဆရာမ်ားအတြက္ ရပိုင္ခြင့္မ်ား၊ တာ၀န္မ်ား ႏွင့္ က်င့္၀တ္မ်ား
အခန္း(၃) စာအုပ္စာနယ္ဇင္း ထုတ္ေ၀ျခင္းဆိုင္ရာ အေျခခံစည္းမ်ဥ္းမ်ား
အခန္း(၄) စာေပလြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ႏွင့္ က်င့္၀တ္မ်ားအေကာင္အထည္ေဖၚေရးအတြက္ စာနယ္ဇင္းေကာ္မီတီ
အခန္း(၅) ပုံႏွိပ္စက္မ်ားႏွင့္ ပုံႏွိပ္ထုတ္ေ၀သူမ်ား မွတ္ပုံတင္ျခင္း
အခန္း(၆) သတင္းစာမ်ား၊ စာနယ္ဇင္းမ်ား၊ စာအုပ္စာတန္းမ်ား ထုတ္ေ၀ျခင္း
အခန္း(၇) ျပဌာန္းခ်က္မ်ားႏွင့္ ဆန္႔က်င္ကြဲလြဲျခင္းမ်ား
အခန္း(၈) ျပည္တြင္း ျပည္ပ ထုတ္ေ၀ျဖန္႔ခ်ိျခင္း
အခန္း(၉) ျပစ္ဒဏ္မ်ား
အခန္း(၁၀) အေထြေထြ ျပဌာန္းခ်က္မ်ား
ဟူ၍ အၾကမ္းဖ်င္းပါရွိေၾကာင္းသိရပါတယ္။

ဒီအလုပ္ရုံ ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ ဒုတိယေန႔ကို မနက္ျဖန္ (၃၁)ရက္ေန႔မွာလဲ ဆက္လက္ျပဳလုပ္မယ္လုိ့သိရပါတယ္။

(အခ်က္လက္အမ်ားစုနဲ့ ဓါတ္ပုံေတြကို ေပၚျပူလာဂ်ာနယ္မွ တဆင့္ကူးယူထားပါသည္)

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 မီဒီယာ အလုပ္ရံု ေဆြးေနြးပဲြ ရန္ကုန္တြင္ က်င္းပ

30-၀၁-၂၀၁၂ - 19:37 GMT။ BBC

ျမန္မာ နိုင္ငံ သတင္းနဲ့ စာနယ္ဇင္း အဖဲြ့ နဲ့ စကင္0x081ာပူ နိုင္ငံ အေျခစိုက္ Asia Media and Information Communication Centre (AMIC) အဖဲြ့တို့ရဲ့ ပူးေပါင္း စီစဉ္မႈ အရ မီဒီယာဖံြ့ျဖိုး တိုးတက္မႈနဲ့ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ ေဆြးေနြးပဲြ တစ္ရပ္ကို ဒီကေန့ ရန္ကုန္ျမို့ အင္းယားကန္ ဟိုတယ္မွာ စတင္ခဲ့ပါတယ္။

နွစ္ရက္ျကာ အလုပ္ရံု ေဆြးေနြးပဲြကို ဘီဘီစီ အပါအဝင္ ျပည္ပ အေျခစိုက္ သတင္း ဌာန ေတြကိုလည္း ဖိတ္ျကားခဲ့ပါတယ္။ျမန္မာနိုင္ငံအတြင္း မီဒီယာ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ ပိုရေအာင္ ဘယ္လိုလုပ္ျက မလဲ၊ ဘာေတြ လုပ္ျက မလဲ ဆိုတာေတြကို အဓိက ေဆြးေနြးခဲ့ပါတယ္။

ဒီအလုပ္ရံု ေဆြးေနြးပဲြေတြ ဆက္လုပ္သြားမယ္၊ အျကံေပးအဖဲြ့ေတြဖဲြ့နိုင္မယ္၊ ကြ်မ္းက်င္သူ ေတြနဲ့ ညိွနိွုင္းလုပ္ေဆာင္သြားမယ္၊ ျပည္သူေတြရဲ့ အျမင္ေတြကိုလက္ခံ က်င့္သံုးနိုင္မယ္ဆိုရင္ မီဒီယာ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ ပိုရိွမယ့္ အလားအလာေတြ ျမင္ေတြ့ရဖို့ရိွတယ္ လို့ အစည္းအေဝးတက္ေရာက္ခဲ့တဲ့ ဘီဘီစီ ျမန္မာ ဌာနမႉး ေဒၚတင္ထားေဆြက ေျပာျကား ခဲ့ပါတယ္။

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ပထမဆံုးအျကိမ္ မီဒီယာဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေရး ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲ  ရန္ကုန္မွာက်င္းပ 

တနလၤာ, 30 ဇန္နဝါရီ 2012. မသင္းသီရ။ VOA

ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ ေျပာင္းလဲမႈရွိလာတဲ့ ႏိုင္ငံေရး အေျခအေနေတြနဲ႔အတူ သတင္းမီဒီယာရဲ႕ အခန္းက႑ကိုလည္း ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳး တိုးတက္ဖို႔အတြက္ ရည္ရြယ္ၿပီး ျပည္တြင္းျပည္ပ သတင္းသမားေတြ စုေပါင္းၿပီး ျမန္မာ သတင္းမီဒီယာ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေရးနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ အလုပ္႐ံုေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကို ဒီကေန႔ ရန္ကုန္ၿမိဳ႕ အင္းယားလိပ္ ဟိုတယ္မွာ က်င္းပခဲ့ပါတယ္။

ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ ပထမဆံုးအႀကိမ္အျဖစ္ ၂ ရက္ၾကာ က်င္းပေနတဲ့  ဒီ အလုပ္႐ံု ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲအတြင္း ျပဌာန္းသင့္တဲ့ မီဒီယာဥေပဒေတြနဲ႔အတူ သတင္းက်င့္၀တ္ ဆိုင္ရာေတြအျပင္ သတင္းေထာက္ သင္တန္းေက်ာင္းေတြ ဖြင့္ႏိုင္ေရး ကိုလည္း ေဆြးေႏြးၾကမွာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဒီအေၾကာင္း အျပည့္စံုကို မသင္းသီရိက တင္ျပထားပါတယ္။ 

ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ အခုက်င္းပေနတဲ့ သတင္းမီဒီယာ အလုပ္႐ံု ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲဟာ ပထမဆံုးအႀကိမ္အျဖစ္ ျပည္တြင္းျပည္ပ သတင္းသမားေတြ ေတြ႔ဆံုေဆြးေႏြးၾကတဲ့ ပြဲျဖစ္သလို အရပ္သားအစိုးရ တက္လာၿပီးတဲ့ေနာက္ တိုးတက္မႈေတြ ရွိလာတဲ့ ျမန္မာ့ႏိုင္ငံေရး အေျခအေနၾကား သတင္းမီဒီယာရဲ႕ အခန္းက႑ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးတိုးတက္လာဖို႔ အတြက္ ရည္ရြယ္ေဆာင္ရြက္တာ ျဖစ္တယ္လို႔ ဒီအလုပ္႐ံု ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကို ဦးေဆာင္ က်င္းပသူေတြက ေျပာပါတယ္။ ဒီေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကို  ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ စာေပစာနယ္ဇင္းအဖြဲ႔က ဦးေဆာင္ၿပီး စင္ကာပူအေျခစိုက္ AMIC လို႔ေခၚတဲ့ အာရွသတင္းမီဒီယာ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေရးအဖြဲ႔နဲ႔ ပူးေပါင္းက်င္းပတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ဒီေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကေန ရလာမယ့္ သတင္းက႑ ဖြံ႔ၿဖိဳးေရးဆိုင္ရာ အခ်က္အလက္ေတြကို ျပဳျပင္ေျပာင္းလဲမႈေတြ လုပ္ေပးႏိုင္မယ့္ တာ၀န္ရွိသူေတြဆီ တင္ျပဖို႔အထိ စီစဥ္ထားတယ္လို႔ ဒီပြဲကို ဦးေဆာင္စီစဥ္သူတစ္ဦး ျဖစ္တဲ့ ဦးကိုကို (စက္မႈ) က ေျပာပါတယ္။
“က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ႏိုင္ငံေတာ္သမၼတရဲ႕ မိန္႔ခြန္းထဲမွာလည္း စတုတၳမ႑ိဳင္ရဲ႕ အေနအထားကို ေျပာတယ္။

အဲဒီအတြက္ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔က အေျဖရွာမယ္။ အႀကံျပဳခ်က္ေတြေပါ့။ ဒီ workshop ကရမယ့္ recommendation ေတြ၊ action plan ေတြကို သင့္ေတာ္မယ့္ သူမ်ားဆီ ပို႔ဖို႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔က စီစဥ္ထားပါတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ လုပ္လို႔ရတဲ့အပိုင္းေတြက တတ္ႏိုင္သေလာက္ လုပ္သြားရင္ေတာ့ တိုးတက္မွာေပါ့ေလ။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ လုပ္လို႔မရဘဲနဲ႔ အာဏာပိုင္ေတြကပဲ လုပ္ေပးမွ ရမယ့္အပိုင္းကေတာ့ လုပ္ေပးမွပဲ တခ်ိဳ႕က တိုးတက္မွာ။ အဲဒီေတာ့ ႏွစ္ပိုင္း က်ေနာ္ ေျပာခ်င္ပါတယ္။ policy maker ေတြ လုပ္ေပးရမယ့္အပိုင္းကေတာ့ ဒါကေတာ့ အဲဒီ policy maker ေတြရဲ႕ ကိစၥသာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။”

ဒီေဆြးေႏြးပြဲမွာ ျပည္တြင္းအျပင္ ျပည္ပက သတင္းပညာရွင္ ၉ ဦးက ဒီကေန႔မွာ စာတမ္း ၉ ေစာင္ ဖတ္သြားပါတယ္။ အမ်ားစုက ႏိုင္ငံတကာ သတင္းမီဒီယာ ဥပေဒနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ေျပာျပသြားသလို စာေပစိစစ္ေရးက ဒုညႊန္မွဴး ဦးတင့္ေဆြကလည္း ျပန္ၾကားေရးဌာနက ေရးဆြဲေနတဲ့ ဥပေဒေတြနဲ႔ ပတ္သက္လို႔ အခ်က္တခ်ိဳ႕ကို ရွင္းသြားရာမွာ ပံုႏွိပ္ထုတ္ေ၀ေရး အတြက္သာ ေလ်ာ့ေပါ့မႈေတြနဲ႔ ေရးဆြဲထားတဲ့ ဥပေဒ ျဖစ္တဲ့အတြက္ သတင္းမီဒီယာ တစ္ခုလံုး လြတ္လပ္မႈအတြက္ ၿခံဳငံုၿပီး ေရးထားတာ မဟုတ္ဘူးလို႔ ျမန္မာ့ဓန မဂၢဇင္း အယ္ဒီတာခ်ဳပ္ ဦးသီဟေစာက ေျပာပါတယ္။

“တကယ္တမ္းေျပာရရင္ အခုျဖစ္လာမယ့္ဥပေဒ နံမည္ကို က်ေနာ္ေျပာျပမယ္။ Printing, Press and Publication Law ဆိုေတာ့ မီဒီယာလို႔ မသံုးထားဘူး။ ပံုႏွိပ္စက္ေတြနဲ႔ ပံုႏွိပ္ထုတ္ေ၀ခြင့္ စာအုပ္မ်ားဆုိင္ရာ ဥပေဒ ဆိုတဲ့ပံုစံမ်ိဳး။ သူက print မီဒီယာ တစ္ခုတည္း ရည္ရြယ္တဲ့သေဘာမ်ိဳး၊ ဆင္ဆာ မထားေတာ့ဘူး ဆိုတဲ့သေဘာမ်ိဳး။ ဆိုေတာ့ အရင္ဟာထက္စာရင္ေတာ့ လြတ္လပ္မယ္၊ အကုန္လံုးေတာ့ လြတ္လပ္ခြင့္ ေပးတာေတာ့ မဟုတ္ေသးဘူး။

က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ေျပာထားတာကေတာ့ လက္ရွိ ျပန္ၾကားေရးက ေရးတဲ့ဥပေဒကို ေရွ႕ေနခ်ဳပ္႐ံုးကို တင္ထားတယ္။ ျပန္က်န္တဲ့အခါမွာ လႊတ္ေတာ္ကို မတင္ခင္မွာ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကို ေဆြးေႏြးခြင့္ေပးမယ္၊ ခ်ျပမယ္လို႔ေတာ့ ကတိေပးထားတယ္။ ပထမဆံုးအႀကိမ္ ပြင့္ပြင့္လင္းလင္း လိုအပ္တာေတြ ေျပာၾကတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ human resource နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ေတာ္ေတာ္လိုေနတယ္။ ဒါေၾကာင့္မိုလို႔ training ေတြ အမ်ားႀကီးလုပ္ဖို႔ လိုမယ္။ အဲဒါေတြေတာ့ ေတာ္ေတာ္ေလး ပြင့္ပြင့္လင္းလင္း ေျပာလို႔ရပါတယ္။ ဒါေပမဲ့ က်ေနာ္ ထင္တာေတာ့ အကုန္လံုး ရဖို႔ မရဖို႔ ဆိုတာထက္ ကိုယ္သြားခ်င္တဲ့ေနရာကို ေျခလွမ္းတစ္လွမ္းေတာ့ စလွမ္းလို႔ ရတာေပါ့။ က်ေနာ္ေတာ့ အဲဒီလို ျမင္ပါတယ္။”

ျမန္မာ့ဓန မဂၢဇင္း အယ္ဒီတာခ်ဳပ္ ဦးသီဟေစာ ေျပာသြားတာပါ။ ဒီကေန႔ ေဆြေႏြးမႈေတြအေပၚ ျပည္တြင္းသတင္းအယ္ဒီတာ ဦးစည္သူေအာင္ျမင့္ သံုးသပ္တာကေတာ့ -
“တကယ့္တကယ္ ဒီမွာတက္တဲ့သူေတြက အမ်ားစု စိတ္၀င္စားၾကတာက က်ေနာ္တို႔ ျမန္မာျပည္က အေျခအေနေပါ့ေနာ္၊ မီဒီယာ လုပ္ပိုင္ခြင့္နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ အေျခအေန။ လက္ရွိ အေနအထားအေပၚမွာေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ သိပ္ မေဆြးေႏြး ႏိုင္ဘူး။ မေဆြးေႏြးႏုိင္တာက ေလာေလာဆယ္မွာ ေဆြးေႏြးဖို႔ဆိုရင္ အျပန္အလွန္ ေခၚတာေပါ့ေနာ္။

က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ဒီဘက္က ဒါကို တာ၀န္ယူလုပ္ကိုင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ေနတဲ့ အစိုးရပိုင္းကလူေတြလည္း ေဆြးေႏြးေပးရမယ္။ ေနာက္ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ဒီဘက္က ကိုယ္တိုင္ ပါ၀င္လုပ္ေဆာင္ေနတဲ့ မီဒီယာသမားေတြကလည္း ေဆြးေႏြးေပးရမယ္။ ၿပီးေတာ့ ႏိုင္ငံတကာကလည္း ဒီေဆြးေႏြးခ်က္ေတြ အေပၚမွာ သူတို႔အျမင္ေတြ ဘာေတြ ေပးမယ္ဆိုရင္ေတာ့ ေကာင္းတာေပါ့။ ဒါေပမဲ့ အဲဒီဥစၥာေတြကေတာ့ ဒီေလာက္အထိ မေဆြးေႏြးႏိုင္ဘူး။ ဘာျဖစ္လို႔လဲဆိုေတာ့ ႏိုင္ငံျခားကလူေတြက သူတို႔ အေတြ႔အႀကံဳေတြေလာက္ ေျပာတယ္။ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကလည္း ေမးျမန္းတယ္။ ဒီေလာက္ပဲ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ေဆြးေႏြးႏိုင္တယ္။”


မနက္ျဖန္မွာေတာ့ သတင္းသမားေတြ အျပန္အလွန္ ေဆြေႏြးၾကမယ့္အထဲမွာ သတင္းက်င့္၀တ္ပိုင္း ဆုိင္ရာေတြ၊ သတင္းေထာက္ သင္တန္းေက်ာင္း ဖြင့္ႏိုင္ေရး ေတြလည္း ပါ၀င္မယ္လို႔ ဦးေဆာင္စီစဥ္သူ ဦးကိုကို (စက္မႈ) က ေျပာပါတယ္။

“ဒါ မီဒီယာ ဥပေဒတစ္ခုတင္ မကဘူး။ ဘယ္လိုဥပေဒ မ်ိဳးေတြေရာ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔က ရွိသင့္သလဲ၊ ဘယ္လို ဥပေဒမ်ိဳးကေတာ့ မရွိသင့္ဘူးလဲ ဆိုတာေတြလည္း က်ေနာ္တုိ႔က ေဆြးေႏြးတဲ့အထဲမွာ ပါပါတယ္။ ေနာက္တစ္ခုကေတာ့ က်င့္၀တ္ ethic ေပ့ါ။ က်ေနာ္တို႔ ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံမွာ က်င့္၀တ္နဲ႔ပတ္သက္ၿပီးေတာ့ သူ႔ဟာသူ ဆြဲၿပီး က်င့္သံုးေနတာေတြလည္း ရွိတယ္။ အဲဒီေတာ့ မနက္ျဖန္မွာ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ကေတာ့ အနည္းဆံုးေတာ့ အားလံုးသိတဲ့ အားလံုး သေဘာတူႏိုင္မယ့္ က်င့္၀တ္နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ guideline ေလးတစ္ခုကိုပါ ခ်ႏိုင္ေအာင္လို႔ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔ ႀကိဳးစားမွာျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

ေနာက္ တတိယအခ်က္ကေတာ့ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔က သတင္းေထာက္ေတြရဲ႕ စြမ္းေဆာင္ရည္ ျမႇင့္တင္ဖို႔အတြက္ သင္တန္းေက်ာင္းတစ္ခုျဖစ္ေအာင္ က်ေနာ္တုိ႔က ႀကိဳးစားေနတယ္။ အဲဒီ သင္တန္းေက်ာင္းကို ဘယ္လို ပံုစံမ်ိဳး ေပၚေပါက္လာမယ္၊ ဘယ္လိုပံုစံမ်ိဳး ျဖစ္သင့္တယ္ ဆိုတာကို ၀ိုင္း အေျဖရွာမယ္။ ၀ိုင္း ေဆြးေႏြးမယ္။ သတင္းေထာက္နဲ႔ ပတ္သက္တဲ့ သင္တန္းေက်ာင္းတစ္ခုကို က်ေနာ္တို႔ သိပ္မၾကာမီေပါ့ေလ တည္ေထာင္သြားဖို႔ ရွိပါတယ္ခင္ဗ်။”

ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံ စာေပ စာနယ္ဇင္းအဖြဲ႔ အတြင္းေရးမွဴး ဦးကိုကို (စက္မႈ) ေျပာသြားတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။ ဇန္န၀ါရီလ ၃၀ ရက္ေန႔ကေန ၃၁ ရက္ေန႔အထိ ၂ ၇က္ၾကာ က်င္းပမယ့္ ဒီ သတင္းမီဒီယာဖြ႔ံၿဖိဳးမႈ အလုပ္႐ံု ေဆြးေႏြးပြဲကို ျပည္တြင္းက သတင္းဌာနေတြကို ဦးေဆာင္ေနတဲ့ သတင္းအယ္ဒီတာေတြ၊ သတင္းေထာက္ေတြအျပင္ အိမ္နီးခ်င္းႏိုင္ငံေတြက သတင္းေထာက္ေတြ နဲ႔အတူ ျပည္ပအေျခစိုက္ ဗြီအိုေအ၊ ဘီဘီစီ၊ အိႏိၵယအေျခစိုက္ မဇၨိ်မ သတင္းဌာနက တာ၀န္ရွိသူေတြလည္း တက္ေရာက္ေနတာ ျဖစ္ၿပီး သတင္းသမားဦးေရ ၁၀၀ နီးပါးေလာက္ ေဆြးေႏြေနၾကတာ ျဖစ္ပါတယ္။

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မီဒီယာ စီမီနာမွာ ဦးတင္ေဆြ တင္ျပတဲ့စာတန္း...

 

Current Policy on Drafting
Media Law
Presented by
Tint Swe [Ye' Yint Tint Swe]
Deputy Director General.
Department of Information and Public Relations
Ministry of Information.

IntroductionMyanmar is now transforming to democratic society. To improve this
process one of the vital issue is "Attitude on Media". Nowadays Media (social
or virtual) is one of the crucial estate in political phenomena. Media,
politics and public life are inter-connected relations. Be that as it may, this
paper intends to trace the past Media Laws and the future legislation on
Media. As the presenter is one of the high officials in Information and Public
Relations, this paper is based on the experiences and personal attitude. Also
as an author of books and articles, this paper also represents the feelings and
speculation on future Media Law(s)

(Starting to change) The Media arena

Myanmar had no chance to convene on Media discussions in previous
years from 1962 to 1988, the Socialist Government run the Media Circle in
hegemony and party ideological sense. No one could interfere into the Socialist
party policy, and naturally one party system construed one man rule.

In that period, the regime established a watchdog corp, under the name
of Intelligence Service and the State policy based on one party system was
safeguarded by them. Every sectors were under watched and camour flage
as State Security and defending the Government. The Media world was also
tightened and under the iron heel, no writers, publishers and printers were
expressed free thinking and writings. The Press Serutinity and Registration
Department(PSRD) was also defamed as Military Police Office. Censorship
was very sensitive and naive. But the officials from PSRD were also human
beings. They had also human spirit and morality. They also loved liberty and
free thinking as well. But their profession was under the tightened rules, they
kept away their human spirit and obeyed the orders from upper authourities.
Then they were become notorious. No one can say, what is wrong and what
is right. Under those circumstances, no one could dare to convene like this
seminar.

This phenomena was not exceptional. The Media policy is depending
on State's Policy, it is quite match with the Governmental principles. Nowadays
Myanmar is fowarding to democratic nation with its new Constitution.
The Constitution 2008 indicates the three pillars as the other have, all laws
with previous ideology need to study and review. Some laws will be repealed,
some are need to amend and some are need to prescribe soon.
As the democratic constitutions are shown the importance of the fourth
estate, Myanmar also need to inline with the event. At the time, when the
National Convention on New Constitution processed, the Information Ministry
started to consider on the issue. Gradually, the policy reconsidered and
try to relax. But the process was not obvious and publicised.
This paper can only present briefly, because the work was too intrinsic
and the starting to make a new media law was departmental based. The following
will be the progressive schedule for the new media law from the year
2005.

1) Historically, Myanmar had the following laws regarding to Media.
(a) The Press Act 1867.
(b) The Press Emergency Powers Act 1931
(c) The Copyright Act 1914.

These laws were promulgated by the colonial government since 1867
when Myanmar was under British Government. These laws were enacted up
to 1962. (1)

In 1962, when the Army took the State power and established the Socialist
State, the above mentioned laws were still in practice and more rules,
regulations, instructions and directions were prescribed. Under the Burma
Socialist Programme Party, the Media Circle became rigid and tight, and the
Revolutionary Council (then the Military Government) promulgated the new
regulations and amended the existence.

(d) The Registration of Printers and Publishers law (1962)

But in the initial period of this law had no prior scrutinized regulation
for all literature and periodicals. But in 1964, due to the domestic
curcumstances the strict regulated for prior scrutinized became compulsory.
Later, there were so many rules, regulations, instructions orders and
from time to time notifications were made by concerning office. The 1962
law was amended two times in 1962 and 1971 and the Press Act 1867 was
repealed by this 1962 law.

After 1988, the State Peace and development Council government still
applied the above mentioned laws and regulations. The registration of Printers
and Publishers Law 1962 was amended in 1989. But in 2004 October, the
most powerful Military Intelligence Corps was abolished and in 2005. The
Press scrutiny and Registration Department became under the Ministry of
Information. (Previously it was under Ministry of Home Affairs) and The
Order 22/2005 came out.
From that date 2005- The Relaxation Concept started gradually.

During the 22 years under military administration following the 1988
military coup, in keeping with the aim of establishing a democratic state,
basic requirements for such a state were put in place in all aspects. On the
other hand, various reforms that were called for were implemented gradually
in some certain sectors. With regard to print media the existing legal instruments
at that time were the 1962 Law for Registration of Printers and Publishers
with rules and instructions added from time to time; the 1931 Act
Providing Emergency Powers regarding Printing Presses; the 1914 Copyright
Law etc. In the period from 1988 to 2004 under the military administration,
the only significant change was that the former Literary Workers’ Organization
was reorganized as the Myanmar Writer and Journalists Association.
In October 2004, the powerful military intelligence was dismantled and significant
changes in print media were made. The Department for Press Scrutiny
and Registration that was formerly under the Home Ministry was placed
under the Ministry of Information in April 2005. From that time onward,
under the leadership of Brigadier General Kyaw Sann, Minister of Information,
changes in the conduct of print media business were carried out gradually
with the help of people engaged in this business. Thanks to their discipline,
their understanding of tactical moves made by my department in accordance
with strategies laid down by the ministry. Reforms made in print media
from 2005 to 2011 are listed below:- (2)
(a)In 2005, the following were carried out-
(1)Four aims and objectives regarding scrutiny of publications laid down;
(2) Restrictions prevalent in seven sectors regarding scrutiny of
publications were eased off;
(3) Two strategies for development of print media beneficial to national
interests and to enhance news content in domestic print media;
(4) Laying down of detailed 14 tactical operations and modalities;
(5) Granting publishing licenses to those actually involved in the
publishing business;
(6) Issuing publishing licenses in hundreds in order to promote
competiveness essential in a market economy.
(b) In 2006, the following were carried out-
(1) Writers and journalists were invited to attend a briefing on
developments that had taken place nationwide, disseminating factual
news through the media;

(2) Holding press conferences in various ministries to acquaint journalists
with the kind of work each ministry is doing;
(3) Clear up misunderstanding s by the UN and various countries through
publication of pertinent articles and news releases.
(c) In 2007, the Central Supervising Committee held its second conference
and laid down three policy goals as follows-
(1) To promote furtherance of national interests by media people;
(2) To adopt “rely on a positive approach, goodwill and take a charitable
view “ as ones’ watchword in this endeavour;
(3) To see that dissent do not degenerate into conflict.

(d) In 2008, a delegation headed by a Deputy Director General was sent to
Singapore on a study tour and the following steps taken –
(1) Print and Broadcast media met with AMIC /AIBD groups and on
return, put up proposed changes to respective media to the minister
who gave necessary instructions and comments regarding their
implementation;
(2) In order to obtain end user reaction on these issues, the Department
for Scrutiny and Registration of Publications met with members of
the Literati and Journalists’ Association to prepare
media for the task of taking self-responsibility in their work.
(3) To imbue press, publishers and editors with this concept of selfresponsibility;
meanwhile the ministry will not neglect its responsibility
to take the lead in instilling this concept among this community;
(4) To cultivate the practice of printing what is newsworthy; while giving
this information in a timely fashion.

(e) 2009.Chapter VIII of The Constitution of the Republic of the Union of
Myanmar (2008) provides in section 354,sub-section (a) that “ Every citizen
shall be at liberty….to express and publish freely their convictions and
opinions” and in sub-section (d) “ ..to develop their language, literature ,culture
they cherish, religion they profess and customs…” A print media law that
will satisfy these requirements being needed, the following steps were taken
for its realization-

(1) Print media laws from various countries were procured for study;
(2) Relevant measures were taken to draft a law that will bring the terms
provided by the Constitution into fruition. (3)
(f) In 2010, the following measures were taken-
(1) Meetings were held during the months of June, October and December
during this year to identify strategies on how to ease the present
restrictions in the process of scrutinizing publications through stepby-
step moves.
(2) The plan to bring step-by-step changes in the application of the present
policy on scrutiny of publications was approved.
From the year 2010 following the election of a democratic government, a
fourth column closely tied to the triumvirate of legislative, judicial and
administrative functions of the state was fashioned with the participation of
the people. Five principles were laid down to bring the various issues involved
into sharper focus. These were-
(1) The application of Unity in Democracy, the need for such a principle,
being evident in the lack of a united effort in the literary world during
the period 1948 to 1962.
(2) To uphold national interests as the underlying principle in every facet.
(3) To eschew partiality.
(4) To take the basic position that ones’ view shall be tempered by
disciplined freedom and responsibility, liberality with reason overall.
(5) That the Association of Literati and Journalists provide guidance in
this process.
Making a distinction between publish –then – submit and submit –
then – publish processes, from 2011 June, a total of 82 journals, 96
magazines and articles of general interest belonging to five categories
were allowed to publish without preview requirements in Phase I,
similarly, from 2011 December, 32 journals, 22 magazines and
articles of general interest belonging to two categories were given
free rein to publish without preview requirements; at present, ongoing
studies are being made to remove preview requirements for
publications in the remaining three categories. The number of
publications meanwhile has grown to 204 weekly journals, 189
monthly magazines and 532 miscellaneous publications. The types
of miscellaneous publications issued during the course of this year
number 12,405. (4)

A law for print media, that abides by the provisions set forth in the
constitution is also being drafted at the same time as mentioned
follows-
(a) Using the 1931 act granting emergency powers in dealing with
publishing houses and the 1962 Law for Registration of Printing
and Publishing as guides.
(b) Using tenets enshrined in the Universal Declaration of Human
Rights as guides in establishing terms for press freedom, rights and
responsibilities for writers and journalists and culling pertinent aspects
of legislation on print media promulgated in countries such as USA,
UK, Germany, Hungary, Singapore, Malaysia, Viet Nam , the
Philippines, Thai and Cambodia.
(c) The draft legislation will be submitted to the Attorney General’s
Office for comments , then to the cabinet for approval and then to
the Pyidaungsu Hluttaw for approval and its subsequent
promulgation in keeping with established procedure.
The Printing Press and Publications Law as it has been termed
provisionally, will be made up of chapters mentioned below-
Chapter I- Definitions.
Chapter II- Rights, Duties and Ethical Codes for Writers and
Journalists.
Chapter III- Principles to be observed by publications.
Chapter IV- Committee for Press Freedom and Raising Ethical
Standards.
Chapter V- Registration of Printers, Publishers and Distributors.
Chapter VI-Handing in Newspapers, Periodicals, Journals,
Magazines, Books and Other Publications.
Chapter VII- Newspapers, Periodicals, Journals, Magazines and Other
Publications that are contrary to terms and provisions of this law.
Chapter VIII- Dissemination of publications externally or internally.
Chapter IX- Penalties.
Chapter X- General Provisions.
While this piece of draft legislation undergoes the process necessary for it to
become law, as I have mentioned above, one thing I can assure you is that
such freedom, rights and protective measures granted by the constitution and
8
democratic principles shall be observed. Thank you for your kind attention
during this presentation and I would like to add that such comments and advice
given in this workshop by scholars, distinguished guests and those who have
presented papers will be noted down by me and given due consideration.
Media are intermediate agencies that enables communication to take
place. (5)
The Media are business and yet they are also ascribed a special function
in the democratic health of a society; the media are the news media and function
as journalism, but they are also the entertainment media and provide escape
from the presssures of everyday life. (6)
Successful media strategies are increasingly dependent on the
management of the policy. But the media have been criticised for a variety of
reasons
- they are said to focus too much on conflict & personalities.
- they are involved in unnessary intrusions of privacy.
- they exacerbate the distance between the public and those who govern
them.
- they do not facilitate a great diversity of view-point.
It is important that we critique modern media methods that alienate the
public and hinder the democratic health of a society, but we must do this
within a context that locates the Media as a legitimate and central
communicative mechanism in modern societies that validates the performative
basis of public life. (7)

The following points to ponder may conclude the paper.
Myanmar' transition is processing.It should understand that progress
will be slow,but the State move carefully. It is unlikely that without some
legal framework as exists for real-world speech and action, moral suasion
will be enough to convince public to support freedom of speech and expression.
It would be nice to have a flexible set of legislation, relaxible procedures
that could be used against different regimes and different period, time to time
different public.

The Media envirionment always demand for freedom of expression.
But every citizen must aware on his rights and responsibilities.
Media were central to both the freedoms and the disciplinary structures
of the nation & national identity.

Thank You all

End Notes
(1) Myanmar law Index 2011.
(2) Ministry of Information, Laws, Regulations, Instructions and Orders; Central Supervision Committee
Up to 2010 March
(3) Union of Myanmar Constitution 2008.
(4) Ministry of information, literature Scrutiny Policy: Changes and Performative;
Instructions and Notifications
1st Phase 2011 June
2nd Phase 2011 December
(5) O Sullivan. T-et -al, 1994 Key Concepts in Communication & Cultural Studies 2 nd edition: Routledge
london. P-176)
(6) [Geoffrey Craig "The Media, Politics & Public life South Asian Edition: Allen & Unwin 2007] P-3
(7) Shirky, Clay The Political Power of Social media, the Public Sphere and Political Change
Foreign Affairs, New York: Jan / Feb 2011 Vol 90, issue 1, P-28.
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(မီဒီယာ အေျပာင္းလဲနဲ့ဆုိင္တဲ့ တျခားသတင္းေတြကိုလဲ ပူးတဲြဖတ္ရႈနုိင္ရန္ စုစည္းတင္ျပထားပါတယ္)

ဒီဗီြဘီလည္း ျပည္တြင္း၀င္ေရာက္ရန္ႀကိဳးစားမည္ Yangon Press International
ဇန္န၀ါရီ ၂၉၊ ၂၀၁၂

ဦးေအးခ်မ္းႏိုင္

ျပည္ပအေျခစိုက္ ျမန္မာမီဒီယာအခ်ဳိ႕ ျပည္တြင္း၌ ရံုးခြဲ ဖြင့္လွစ္ခြင့္ရရန္ ႀကိဳးစားေနသကဲ့သို႔ လြတ္လပ္ေသာ ဒီမုိကရက္တစ္ ျမန္မာ့အသံ (ဒီဗြီဘီ) လည္း ျမန္မာျပည္၌ ရံုးခြဲဖြင့္ရန္အတြက္ ျပည္တြင္းသုိ႔ လာေရာက္ကာ အေျခအေန ေလ့လာသြားမည္ဟု ဦးေဆာင္ ညႊန္ၾကားေရးမွဴး ဦးေအးခ်မ္းနုိင္က ဆုိသည္။

“ကြ်န္ေတာ္တုိ႔ တစ္ေယာက္ နွစ္ေယာက္ အရင္၀င္ၾကည့္မယ္၊ စကားေျပာၾကည့္မယ္။ အဲဒီမွာ ရံုးခြဲဖြင့္လုိ႔ ရမလား ဆုိတာမ်ိဳးေပါ့၊ အဲဒီကေနမွ တျဖည္းျဖည္း အထဲမွာ ခ်ဲ႕သြားမယ္၊ အထဲမွာမ်ားမ်ား ခ်ဲ႕နိုင္ေလ အျပင္မွာ ေလွ်ာ႔ေလွ်ာ႔သြားေလ လုပ္မွာပါ ” ဟု လတ္တေလာတြင္ ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံသို႔ ေရာက္ရွိေနသည့္ ဦးေအးခ်မ္းႏိုင္ကေျပာသည္။

ယခုလက္ရွိ ၎တုိ႔ အေနျဖင့္ ျမန္မာျပည္သုိ႔ လာေရာက္နုိင္ဖို႔ ဗီဇာေလွ်ာက္ရန္ စီစဥ္လ်က္ရွိေၾကာင္း၊ ျပည္တြင္း၌ ၀င္ေရာက္ လုပ္ကုိင္ရန္မွာမူ အစုိးရ၏ တံု႔ျပန္မႈေပၚတြင္ မူတည္ေၾကာင္း ၎က ဆုိသည္။

“အစိုးရနဲ႔ ဘယ္ေလာက္ညွိလုိ႔ရမလဲ။ ဘယ္ေလာက္ ေျပာင္းလဲမလဲ စတဲ့ အေျခအေန အမ်ားၾကီးအေပၚမွာ မူတည္ပါတယ္၊ စီမံကိန္းအေနနဲ႕က ၂၀၁၅ ေရြးေကာက္ပြဲကို ေတာ့ ေယဘုယ် မွန္းထားတယ္၊ အခု လာမယ့္ ဧျပီ ၁ရက္ကေတာ့ အဆံုးအျဖတ္ေပါ့” ဟု ၎က ဆက္ေျပာသည္။

ဒီဗြီဘီအေနျဖင့္ ျပည္တြင္း အေျခစိုက္ မီဒီယာ အျဖစ္ အကူးအေျပာင္း ကာလေရာက္လွ်င္လည္း ျပည္ပ ေထာက္ပံေငြမ်ားကုိ ဆက္လက္ ရယူသြားရမည္ျဖစ္ျပီး ေနာက္ပုိင္းမွသာ Commercial (ကိုယ္ပိုင္၀င္ေငြျဖင့္ ရပ္တည္ျခင္း) အျဖစ္ ရပ္တည္သြားမည္ ျဖစ္ေၾကာင္းလည္း ဘ႑ာေရးဆိုင္ရာ မွီခိုမႈႏွင့္ ပတ္သက္ၿပီး ေျပာဆိုသြားသည္။

“အဓိက သြားမယ့္ ပံုစံက သတင္းကုိ ဦးစားေပးတဲ့ ပံုစံနဲ႔ပဲ သြားမယ္။ ရည္ရြယ္ခ်က္ကေတာ့ လူေတြအတြက္ ၀န္ေဆာင္မႈေပးဖုိ႔ (Public service)ပဲ။ အမွီအခို ကင္းရမယ္(independent) ျဖစ္ရမယ္။ အျမတ္(profit) တစ္ခုတည္း မဟုတ္ဘူး။ ေလာေလာဆယ္မွာေတာ့ အျပင္က ေငြေၾကး အကူအညီ မပါလဲ သြားလုိ႔ မျဖစ္ဘူး ” ဟု ဦးေအးခ်မ္းနုိ္င္က ဆုိသည္။

ယခုလက္ရွိ အေနအထားတြင္ ဒီဗြီဘီသတင္း႒ာနမွာ ေနာ္ေ၀ႏိုင္ငံ၌ အေျခစိုက္ထားၿပီး ထိုင္းႏိုင္ငံတြင္ ရံုးခြဲ ဖြင့္လွစ္ကာ ထိုင္းသတင္းေထာက္ႏွင့္ ျပည္တြင္း သတင္းေထာက္မ်ား ခန္႔အပ္ကာ လုပ္ကိုင္လ်က္ရွိသည္။
ယခုေလာေလာဆယ္တြင္ ဒီဗီြဘီ သတင္း႒ာန လည္ပတ္မႈ ကုန္က်စရိတ္မ်ားကို အေနာက္ဥေရာပႏိုင္ငံအခ်ိဳ႕ႏွင့္ ႏိုင္ငံတကာ ကူညီေရးအဖြဲ႕အစည္း အခ်ိဳ႕က ေထာက္ပံ့သည့္ အကူအညီျဖင့္ ရပ္တည္လ်က္ရွိသည္။

ျပည္တြင္း၌ အေျခအေနမ်ားကို ေလ့လာရာတြင္လည္း စာေပစိစစ္ေရး အေျခအေနမ်ား၊ မီဒီယာဥပေဒ အစရွိသည္တုိ႔ကုိ အဓိကထား ေလ့လာသြားမည္ျဖစ္ျပီး၊ ျပည္တြင္းရွိဂ်ာနယ္၊ မဂၢဇင္းမ်ား၏ လုပ္ကုိင္ ေဆာင္ရြက္ပံုတုိ႔ကုိ လည္း ေလ့လာသြားမည္ ဟု ဦးေအးခ်မ္းနုိင္ကေျပာသည္။

၂၀၀၇ ခုႏွစ္ ေရႊ၀ါေရာင္ သံဃာ့အေရးအခင္းကာလ ႏွင့္ ၂၀၀၈ ဆိုင္ကလုန္းနာဂစ္ တိုက္ခတ္ၿပီး ကာလမ်ားတြင္ ဒီဗြီဘီမွ ရုပ္သံ ထုတ္လႊင့္ခ်က္မ်ားေၾကာင့္ နအဖ အစိုးရက ေလလိႈင္းထဲမွ လူသတ္သမား၊ မိုးလံုးျပည့္ မုသာ၀ါဒ အစရွိသည့္ ေၾကြးေၾကာ္သံမ်ားကို ႏိုင္ငံပိုင္ သတင္းစာမ်ား၏ ေနာက္ေက်ာဖံုးတြင္ ႏွစ္အတန္ၾကာ ထည့္သြင္းေဖၚျပခဲ့ရာမွ ယမန္ႏွစ္ စက္တင္ဘာလတြင္ ထိုသို႔ေဖၚျပျခင္းကို ရပ္ဆိုင္းခဲ့ကာ ယင္းသတင္း႒ာန ၀က္ဆိုက္အား ပိတ္ပင္ထားျခင္းမွလည္း ရပ္ဆိုင္းခဲ့သည္။

ဦးသိန္းစိန္ အစိုးရသည္ ယမန္ႏွစ္ေႏွာင္းပိုင္းမွ စ၍ ျပည္ပ အေျခစိုက္ ျမန္မာမီဒီယာ ၀က္ဆိုက္မ်ားအား ပိတ္ပင္ထားျခင္းကို ရုပ္သိမ္းခဲ့သလို ယင္းသတင္း႒ာနမ်ားတြင္ လုပ္ကိုင္လ်က္ရွိသည့္ ျမန္မာ ၀န္ထမ္းမ်ားအား အခါအားေလ်ာ္စြာ ၀င္ေရာက္ သတင္းယူခြင့္ ေပးခဲ့ရာ ဗီြအိုေအ၊ ဘီဘီစီ သတင္း႒ာနတို႔မွ လြန္ခဲ့သည့္လမ်ား အတြင္း လာေရာက္ခဲ့ၾကသည္။

ယမန္ႏွစ္ ဒီဇင္ဘာလက ၀ါရွင္တန္ အေျခစိုက္ ဗီြအိုေအ ျမန္မာ႒ာန၏ ႒ာနမွဴး ဦးသန္းလြင္ထြန္း ျမန္မာႏိုင္ငံသို႔ လာေရာက္ကာ ျပန္ၾကားေရး၀န္ႀကီး႒ာန ၀န္ႀကီးႏွင့္ ေတြ႕ဆံုခဲ့ၿပီး အလုပ္သေဘာ ေဆြးေႏြးခဲ့ၾကသည္။

ထိုစဥ္က ဗီြအိုေအ ျမန္မာပိုင္း အေနျဖင့္ ႒ာေနသတင္းေထာက္ ထားရွိရန္ ခြင့္ျပဳခ်က္ မရရွိခဲ့ေသာ္လည္း ျပည္တြင္း၌ သတင္း ရယူလိုသည့္ ကိစၥရပ္မ်ား ရွိသည့္အခါ ဗီဇာေလွ်ာက္ထားပါက ခြင့္ျပဳသြားမည္ဟု ျပန္ၾကားေရး ၀န္ႀကီးက ေျပာဆိုခဲ့သည္။

နယူးေဒလီ အေျခစိုက္ မဇၥ်ိမ သတင္း႒ာန၏ ခ်င္းမိုင္ရံုးခြဲ တာ၀န္ခံ ဦးစိန္၀င္းလည္း ယခုလဆန္းပိုင္းက တႀကိမ္ လာေရာက္ခဲ့သလို ယခုသီတင္းပတ္တြင္ ဒုတိယအႀကိမ္ လာေရာက္ၿပီး ျပည္တြင္း၌ ရံုးခြဲဖြင့္လွစ္ရန္ အတြက္ ႀကိဳးစားလ်က္ရွိသည္ဟု သိရွိရသည္။ ။
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